politicians
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Do voters hold politicians accountable for vote-buying?
When voters receive payments, politicians are given greater leniency, and in turn steal more
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Public disclosure as a political incentive: Evidence from municipal elections in India
Councilors who thought performance reports would be published before an election invested more in infrastructure, with positive impacts on re-election
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Democracy in Pakistan: Elections tell us why politicians behave badly
Politicians in Pakistan provide patronage and are perceived as corrupt. Regime instability and incumbency disadvantage may explain their behaviour.