Welfare gains from trade openness are dependent on whether trade results in a reallocation of resources towards or away from distorted sectors

It is well-known that risk-sharing networks can smooth shocks, but local production networks can also propagate shocks; policy should consider both

Lumpsum cash transfers delivered as business grants can spur microentrepreneurial activities

A quality scandal that affected some Chinese dairy firms disrupted exports from all firms across the industry

Randomised anti-corruption audits in Brazil yield positive economic outcomes for local firms and businesses

China’s accession to WTO reduced trade policy uncertainty, spurred structural change towards manufacturing and services, and increased economic growth

For microenterprises in Egypt, loans and grants increase incomes similarly, but only among certain recipients

The gender gap in vendor revenue is likely due to inequitable access to capital rather than buyer preferences or seller behaviour

Legal constraints to firm growth incentivise large firms to find loopholes by hiring contract labour