Ana Margarida Fernandes is a Lead Economist in the World Bank’s Development Research Group, focused on trade and development. In her research she has studied the consequences of openness to trade and investment, as well as the impacts of public policies like customs reform, deep trade agreements, and export promotion, and she has significant regional experience in Africa and Eastern Europe. She leads the Exporter Dynamics Database project, which studies the causes of exporter entry, growth, and exit. A native of Portugal, she holds a PhD in economics from Yale University and a BA from the Universidade Nova de Lisboa.