Farmer selection and researcher interference during trials can introduce bias, impacting how new technologies perform in real-world conditions

While farming practices were not initially enhanced, low-income farmers in Mexico with autonomy substantially improved two years post-intervention

Increased competition in agriculture markets sustained by informal contracts can diminish performance and value for all players in the supply chain

Farmer-to-farmer information diffusion is a cost-effective approach for improving practices and profits for smallholder dairy farmers in East Africa

Increasing the tenant’s share in output encourages profitable risk-taking, in addition to large effects on input levels

Collecting data using multiple survey methods can mitigate data errors that magnify the differences between low- and high-productivity farms

A shift from a state-led to an agribusiness-led development model in Kenya reallocated profits away from farmers towards agribusiness firms

Can policymakers speed up the adoption of modern agricultural technologies through peer-to-peer learning?

Targeting women directly with relevant information in ways that are appealing increases their agency, access to resources, and achievements in farming