Farmers with access to digital agricultural extension shared more information with their peers and became sought-after members of farmer peer groups

Simple, cost-effective ‘rule-of-thumb’ training on urea application may improve fertiliser management

Bundling genetic and financial technologies can make small-scale agriculture more resilient and productive

Training field days increase awareness and adoption of technology, irrespective of how the demonstrators are selected

A simple training increased adoption of an agricultural technology by over 90%, with persistent improvements in agricultural production and land use

The farm size–yields relationship is not informative for improving agricultural productivity among small landholders in developing countries

Weak land rights among farmers reduces agricultural productivity and output, hitting skilled farmers hardest

As small farms grow productivity declines, but past a certain threshold output and productivity increase

Mechanisation standardises output and lowers supervision needs for hired labour, freeing owners’ families to engage in profitable off-farm activities