Exposure to illegal labour markets in childhood leads to the formation of industry-specific human capital, putting children on a criminal life path

Incentives that hold teachers accountable for achievement can increase education attainment when paired with adequate instructional resources

The effect of colonisation on Africa’s modernisation is a highly contentious and emotional debate. The reality is trickier than you think.

Caste-based reservations in government jobs and colleges in India resulted in potential future beneficiaries staying in school longer

Evidence from China shows tax revenues increase in the short run from better enforcement, but these increases decrease over time as firms downsize

Removing barriers to internal migration can boost a country’s productivity, albeit modestly and with heterogonous effects on original populations

The arrival of the steamship benefitted some countries but not others, with the strength and inclusiveness of institutions playing a key role

A cheap intervention increased firm registration but failed to impact tax registration, negating potential tax revenue

Allowing foreign retailers to operate in Mexico leads substantial overall welfare gains, in spite of their impacts on local employment and income