Drawing on the first comparable, country-level evidence base from Argentina, Colombia, Ghana, India, Mexico, and South Africa, the IEA documents significant variation in where and how women exit the academic economics pipeline. The findings suggest t...

Gender inequality in labour markets persists across rich and poor countries despite gains in education and legal rights, with women continuing to earn less, work under more constrained conditions, and shoulder most unpaid care work. Closing these gaps requires more than growth and job creation, demanding policies that address care burdens, social norms, and the broader economic structures shaping women’s opportunities.

What factors underlie the persistently low labour force participation rates of Indian women?