extreme heat

Extreme heat in West Africa does not simply reduce farm labour but reshapes household labour allocation – often increasing reliance on women and children and reducing hired labour – while the overall response varies significantly across countries, de...

In El Salvador, extreme heat lowers agricultural productivity and rural incomes, pushing farmers – especially those with strong migrant networks – to use international migration as a climate adaptation strategy.

Air conditioning adoption in Mexico has grown much faster than earlier forecasts, with nearly one million more units installed than predicted, largely due to falling electricity prices and rising energy efficiency that lowered the cost of cooling.

Cash savings and buffer stocks play a critical role in aiding rural households to cope with production losses caused by extreme heat