To effectively improve sanitation in low-income areas, policy must address a number of key issues, including credit market failures, environmental externalities, social preferences and low public sector capacity

Labeled microcredit loans increase the take-up of safe toilets, but take-up and conversion are influenced by intra-household gender differences in perceptions and bargaining power

Where community interventions lead to behaviour change, continued interactions are needed to help people maintain healthy behaviours

A study of community toilets in India shows importance of fully subsidising basic services and of measures to prevent overcrowding and degradation

By allowing risk sharing, joint-liability lending can foster entrepreneurship among microcredit borrowers

Isolation is common amongst women living in contexts with restrictive gender norms but varies across socioeconomic groups