gender discrimination

What do we know about the challenges faced by women and girls worldwide, and what can we do about them? Evidence from 18 developing countries helps elucidate this.

Gender inequality in labour markets persists across rich and poor countries despite gains in education and legal rights, with women continuing to earn less, work under more constrained conditions, and shoulder most unpaid care work. Closing these gaps requires more than growth and job creation, demanding policies that address care burdens, social norms, and the broader economic structures shaping women’s opportunities.

Digital marketplaces have the potential to eliminate gender gaps in prices and product quality. Evidence from Pakistan shows that while digital marketplaces may reduce discrimination in prices, women continue to face higher non-economic costs that ma...

An experiment in Egypt tested for employment discrimination by sex and marital status, and found no sizeable discrimination against married women.

Workplace discrimination by customers directly, and negatively, impacts women’s outcomes in the service industry in sub-Saharan Africa.

Employers can discriminate and restrict women from taking up employment opportunities deemed unsafe. Research from Bangladesh suggests female workers entering the labour market may suffer most from paternalistic discrimination, where male workers ‘pr...