banks

The 1997 Thai financial crisis had far longer lasting consequences for financial access than aggregate measures suggest, driven by bank branch closures that were never reversed even after the broader economy recovered.

Bank credit can support firms during recessions in contexts where banks are sufficiently capitalised to lend. However, whether bank lending amplifies or mitigates a downturn – depends not only on banks’ fundamentals, but also on changes to their risk...

A financial development programme showed strong positive effects from expanding financial access to underbanked cities

Discrimination in consumer lending seems to come largely from biased male officers; combatting it may require cultural changes at the institutional level

Debit cards reduce travel distance raise trust in financial institutions, and increase account use