Currency volatility in African markets shapes development outcomes by determining who can access capital and on what terms, with firms in shallow financial markets often forced to choose between expensive local-currency finance and exchange-rate risk from foreign-currency debt. Addressing this requires both better micro-level evidence on how FX risk flows through households, firms, and investors, and policies that can expand financing access without simply redistributing risk.

In India, expanding deposit insurance coverage improved depositor welfare by reducing risk and encouraging a shift towards safer assets.

Mobile connectivity improves access to land, enabling individuals to use land titles as collateral for bank credit and invest in construction.

How did adopting platform "interoperability" - a policy that promotes transactions and competition across operators - impact mobile money users in Africa?

High-speed internet enhances the role of banks in Africa by reducing telecommunication costs and fostering the banks’ adoption of new financial technologies, such as the real-time gross settlement (RTGS) payment system

Financial counterterrorism is under attack for being costly and ineffective, but a new study shows it can reduce terrorist attack casualties