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Income increases for international migrants from the Philippines fostered economic development and investments in education in migrant-origin communities.

Cambodia’s extensive unilateral trade liberalisation following its accession to the WTO in 2004 led to physical, sexual, and psychological violence against women in districts where tariff reductions were more pronounced

Evidence on trade shocks in Brazil shows that, despite reducing household incomes, child health improved in hard-hit areas as parents, particularly mothers, had fewer labour market opportunities outside the home and therefore more time to invest in their children

Economy-wide expansion of credit for SMEs in Brazil induced entry of more capable firms but did not change employment at the municipal level