Ten years later, households targeted by the programme consume more and earn more than control households and enjoy better mental and physical health

Programmes need to be better targeted and designed to maximise the social externalities they create for them to be cost-effective

Welfare gains from trade openness are dependent on whether trade results in a reallocation of resources towards or away from distorted sectors

Audit design can unintentionally creates incentives for simpler and less competitive procurement processes

An intervention to develop perspective-taking reduced peer violence, boosted reciprocity, altruism and trust, and encouraged inter-ethnic friendships

A non-contributory pension scheme substantially improved consumption and wellbeing, and reduced the number of over-65s in poverty doing paid work

Providing vouchers for rice and eggs allowed for better targeting, increased protein consumption, and was cheaper to administer than in-kind benefits

Mothers who received modest cash inputs along with information on practices to reduce malnutrition were more likely to adopt those practices

Building roads and extending agriculture services to rural Ethiopian communities had no impact alone, but increased agricultural productivity together