When trade disruptions threaten access to food, importers face a hard choice between openness and insurance.

Ethiopia’s large-scale road expansion cut travel times to markets – boosting farm productivity, reshaping cropping patterns, and accelerating structural change.

Insecure land property rights are an important constraint on migration, structural transformation, and productivity growth, as much as all other labour mobility barriers in China

Low agricultural productivity in developing countries is not destiny, as there is remarkable potential for raising crop yields given their land quality

Weak land rights among farmers reduces agricultural productivity and output, hitting skilled farmers hardest

Land reforms, whilst well-intended, misallocate land and labour across farms, thereby reducing average farm size and agricultural productivity