Rwanda

Rwandan industrial policy, which licensed and supported textile manufacturers to produce high-quality masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, successfully reduced mask prices, increased mask uptake, and slowed the spread of COVID-19. The intervention ave...

What does it actually take to reform land at scale?

When fertiliser prices spike, farmers in countries dependent on fertiliser imports are hit especially hard, and governments must grapple with a range of trade-offs in how they respond.

Electricity clearly improves people’s quality of life. But in Rwanda, even one decade after communities were connected, rural electrification had limited effects on incomes, employment, and broader economic development.

In Rwanda, telemedicine delivered higher-quality, faster, and lower-cost care for common conditions.

Energy-efficient biomass cookstoves cut fuel use and, in Rwanda, do not trigger significant local rebound effects – consumption, fuel collection time, and prices remain largely unchanged for those not adopting cleaner cookstoves.

Benchmarking multi-dimensional in-kind programmes against cost-equivalent unconditional cash transfers reveals that cash can be more effective in improving consumption and asset accumulation.

Mobile connectivity improves access to land, enabling individuals to use land titles as collateral for bank credit and invest in construction.

Administrative tax and audit data from Rwanda shows that e-invoicing can help increase tax compliance if designed and implemented efficiently and alongside an effective tax audit strategy.