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The unintended consequences of Brazil’s landmark anti-corruption campaign
Anti-corruption campaigns – such as Brazil’s Lava Jato – can reduce corruption but may also trigger significant unintended economic costs – disrupting credit markets while reducing employment and wage bills across both targeted and non-targeted firms...
How sanctions eroded Iran’s middle class
International sanctions are used as a powerful tool of statecraft, but their broader societal consequences are often overlooked. Since 2012, comprehensive sanctions on Iran have drastically eroded its middle class, undoing decades of social progress ...
